On June 16, 2024, the chief executive officer (CEO), founder, and director of V21 Group of Ventures (V21), a real estate conglomerate based in Pune, India, was preparing to meet with members of a housing society in Mumbai to finalize the agreement for a residential reconstruction project. While the CEO had successfully built five real estate ventures, this was V21’s first project in the challenging field of real estate development, and it presented .....more

Teaching note for product W41515.

In December 2024, Amazon India entered India’s booming quick-commerce market with the launch of Tez, a 15-minute delivery service. The announcement came at a time when the Indian market was already dominated by aggressive incumbents, including Blinkit, Zepto, Swiggy Instamart, Flipkart Quick, and BigBasket Now. With over 2,500 dark stores across major metros and strong consumer recall, these early movers had set high benchmarks for speed, scale, and .....more

Teaching note for product W44762.

In March 2025, the chief executive officer (CEO) of Google LLC, Sundar Pichai, was faced with a sobering reality: Gemini, Google’s generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) chatbot, was struggling to stand out in an increasingly crowded and commoditized market. A podcast featuring the CEO of a competing AI company highlighted the diminishing differentiation among GenAI chatbots, noting that even early innovations were being quickly replicated. Google .....more

Teaching note for product W44325.

In January 2025, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) banned the use of wood and charcoal-fuelled ovens in commercial bakeries and eateries as part of the Mumbai Air Pollution Mitigation Plan. While the ban was aimed at curbing pollution, it triggered strong opposition from multiple stakeholders, including street vendors, small businesses, and consumers, who feared economic hardship, job losses, and the erosion of Mumbai’s street food culture. .....more

Teaching note for product W43995.

In September 2024, the governor of India’s central bank was reading a newspaper article that criticized the current monetary policy, the Flexible Inflation Targeting framework. The article questioned the appropriateness and effectiveness of the framework and was calling for a return to the previous multiple-indicators approach. Since its implementation in 2016, the Flexible Inflation Targeting framework was focused on price stability as the primary .....more

Teaching note for product W41648.