The US Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was responsible for ensuring transportation safety, especially with air travel. Between 2015 and 2019, TSA came under scrutiny for its use of behaviour detection as part of a risk-based process of security screening. Security officers were expected to observe passengers and rate them based on 92 risk indicators, sending passengers who were deemed high risk to secondary screening. False positive screening led to delays and bottlenecks, affecting customer satisfaction and airport and TSA reputation. Many argued the measures were invalid and led to racial profiling and called for funding for behaviour detection to be cut. TSA argued that its own studies and experience proved behaviour detection worked. TSA and airports also faced challenges with a rules-based process of screening all carry-on baggage. Security officers varied with their ability to detect items of threat, and TSA needed to decide where to focus its training to improve human visual screening of baggage.
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